Physical Layer [rss]

PodSnacks: IEEE 802.11g (54 Mbps)

Today we'll continue our series looking at four of the transmission options for Wi-Fi wireless LANs by looking at IEEE 802.11g . This is the most commonly found Wi-Fi transmission rate today. As I prepared this snack for posting, I realized that Mark Read More...

PodSnacks: IEEE 802.11b (11 Mbps)

Today we'll begin a series looking at four of the transmission options for Wi-Fi wireless LANs. Our first options is IEEE 802.11b . Although this is an older form of Wi-Fi, it is still broadly found in public hot spots. With its upper speed of 11 Read More...

PodSnacks: Local Area Network (LAN)

Today we shift to a discussion I can't believe we haven't already had. We're going to talk about the lowly local area network (LAN) , which has seen a significant amount of evolution since my early days in networking! As always, you can listen Read More...

PodSnack: T-3/DS-3

Thanks to Paul, we can add one last little snippet of information to that series on T-1 that we did. Anther T-carrier system that is widely implemented and sold by the carriers is T-3 . A T-3 is a higher-speed TDM circuit that has the capacity for 28 Read More...

PodSnacks: Superframe (SF) vs. Extended Superframe (ESF)

Today we wrap up the T-1 series with a look at the two predominant framing patterns used: Superframe (SF) and Extended Superframe (ESF). And since we've been your hosts all along for this series, Dave and I will take you through this last concept Read More...

PodSnacks: In-band versus out-of-band signaling

You still with us? Today, we continue the series on the T-1 with a look at the general notion of how signaling can be related to the transmission system and the user's data. Because a T-1 is so often used as a trunking facility between a CO switch Read More...

PodSnacks: ZCS versus B8ZS

Yesterday, we spent some time looking at the requirements for ones density on a T-1 . We saw that this requirement is met by the voice encoding process when the T-1 is carrying voice, but we noted it is problematic when the T-1 is carrying data. Today Read More...

PodSnacks: Ones Density

We are in the midst of a series on the T-1 transmission system. Today we tackle the concept of ones density . In a nutshell, ones density is a requirement that the transmission stream on a T-1 always maintain at least a minimum percentage of ones. There Read More...

PodSnacks: The Lowly T-1

Today we start a new series, and it will be focused on the T-carrier transmission systems, beginning with the T-1 . This series is inspired by some of the questions that arose in a class that I taught. Today we'll start with an overview definition Read More...

PodSnacks: Generic Framing Procedure (GFP)

Time for that fifth and final installment in our series on Next Generation SONET (NG-SONET). In the next few days we'll begin a series on T-carrier systems. It will be a bit on the technical side, so hang on to your pocket protectors and remember Read More...

PodSnacks: Link Capacity Adjustment Scheme (LCAS)

A new day, a new week, and the fourth installment of a five-part series on Next Generation SONET (NG-SONET). Today's episode pickup on our discussion with a look at the Link Capacity Adjustment Scheme (LCAS). Although LCAS is not necessary for NG-SONET Read More...

PodSnacks: Virtual Concatenation (VCAT)

This PodSnack continues the Next Generation SONET (NG-SONET) theme I started, and this one deals specifically with one of the three enhancements NG-SONET brings to the table: Virtual Concatenation (VCAT) . VCAT is an inverse multiplexing technique. You Read More...

PodSnacks: Inverse Multiplexing for ATM (IMA)

Today we turn our attention to a somewhat older technology associated with ATM . It's a variation on the ATM User-to-Network Interface (UNI) that makes it possible to deploy multiple lower speed connections and have them perceived as a single cohesive Read More...

PodSnacks: Next Generation SONET (NG-SONET)

A couple of days ago, I chose to talk about Ethernet over SONET (EoS). At the end, I mentioned that Next Generation SONET (NG-SONET) is a critical enabling technology for EoS. Today we're going to look at NG-SONET and identify the three basic enhancements Read More...

PodSnacks: Ethernet over SONET (EoS)

I'm on the road with Trevor this week, and Ethernet is going to be a major focus for this customer. So, today I've chosen to talk about Ethernet over SONET (EoS). EoS is an important enabling technology, making it possible for the carriers and Read More...
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